Land and Climate

 

Islamic Republic of Iran, comprising an area of over 1.6 million sq. km. (seventeenth in the world), located in southwest Asia and is among the Middle East Countries. It lies down the semi south of Northern temperate zone between latitudes 25’00”- 39’47” North   and longitudes 44’02”- 63’20” East.

  The total border lines are 8865 Km., with 2810 Km., water and 6055 Km., land borders.

Iran is bounded by Arminestan and Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan on the North, Afghanistan and Pakistan on the East, Persian Gulf and Sea Of Oman on the South, and Iraq and Turkey on the West.  

Iran has the longest borders with Iraq (1605 Km.) and the shortest with Arminestan (48 Km.).

Caspian Sea, being the largest lake in the world, located north of the country and makes maritime links with European countries through Russian waterways.

  The highest mountain in Iran with 5610 meters from sea level is Mt., Damavand; the longest river with 890 Km. is Karoun River which is the navigable one; the largest domestic lake with 4868 Sq. Km. is Orumieh Lake; the biggest Island with 1891 Sq. Km. is Qeshm.

  At the end of Iranian calendar year 1385, according to the Administrative Divisions, Iran has 30 Provinces, 336 cities, 889 districts, 1016 towns and 2400 villages.

  Based upon the General Census of the Population and Housing in 1385, nearly 8% of the Iranian cities have had over one hundred thousand inhabitants. The most populated cities in Iran are respectively Tehran (7088287), Meshed (2427316), Shiraz (1227331), Isfahan (1602110) and Tabriz (1398060).

  The average maximum and minimum temperature has respectively been Bandar Abbas with 27’C., and Shahre-e- Kord with 9.6’C.

  In the same year, Rasht and Yasooj with 1476 mm., and 777 mm., have had respectively the highest precipitation rate; and Yazd and Zahedan with 44 mm., and 55 mm., the lowest rainfall among the capitals of the provinces.